Pope Leo XIII – Encyclical *Humanum Genus* (1884): Freemasonry as an organized demonic action (ASS 16)

**Encyclical Humanum Genus (April 20, 1884) by Leo XIII**The Encyclical *Humanum genus* is the most systematic and developed magisterial document on Freemasonry and the forces it represents, identified with organized Satanic action against the Church. It is the first major papal text that clearly articulates demonistic action in a societal and historical context. Source: *Acta Sanctae Sedis* vol. 16 (1884), pp. 417-433.**Details:**– **Pope:** Leo XIII (Vincenzo Gioacchino Pecci) – **Document:** Encyclical *Humanum genus* – **Date:** April 20, 1884 – **Subjects:** Freemasonry, secularism, organized Satanic action – **Source:** *Acta Sanctae Sedis* 16 (1884), pp. 417-433**Latin Text, Beginning:**> «*Humanum genus, posteaquam a Deo Conditore et largitore caelestium munerum, invidia Diaboli, miserrime defecit, in partes duas, diversas inter se inimicasque divisum est, quarum altera pro vero ius et pro virtute constanter dimicat, altera ab his rebus contra dimicat. Earum prior est regnum Dei in terris, hoc est vera Iesu Christi Ecclesia… Altera est regnum Satanae, imperio cuius in potestate sunt, quicumque… ab divinis et immutabilibus iustitiae et honestatis legibus desciscunt…*»**Portuguese Translation, Beginning:**> «*O género humano, depois que, por inveja do Diabo, se afastou miseravelmente de Deus, Criador e doador dos dons celestiais, dividiu-se em duas partes opostas e inimigas entre si: uma combate constantemente pela verdade, pela justiça e pela virtude; a outra combate contra estas coisas. A primeira é o reino de Deus na terra, isto é, a verdadeira Igreja de Jesus Cristo… A outra é o reino de Satanás, sob cuja potência estão todos aqueles que… se afastam das divinas e imutáveis leis da justiça e da honestidade…*»**Reactivation of the “Two Cities” Doctrine:**Leo XIII revisits and updates St. Augustine’s doctrine of the “Two Cities”:| **City of God** | **City of Satan** | |—|—| | Catholic Church | Freemasonry and “secret societies” | | Revealed Truth | Naturalism, pantheism, atheism | | Natural and Revealed Moral Law | Absolute “freedom” without a norm | | Supernatural Life | Radical immanentism | | Christ the King | Absolute human sovereignty | | Eternity | Historical materialism |**Freemasonry as the “Synthesis” of Anti-Christian Action:**Leo XIII analyzes Freemasonry not merely as a secret society but as an organized spiritual rebellion against God, characterized by:– **Naturalism:** Reducing religion to the “natural,” denying the supernatural. – **Religious Indifference:** Equating all religions (syncretism). – **Total Secularism:** Totally secular state, schools, and families.# An Analysis of Societal Trends as Manifestations of EvilThe encyclical condemns these trends as societal manifestations of the action of Satan, not in an individual sense (with each Mason being possessed), but in a structural sense (the system objectively works against the Church).## The “Kingdom of Satan” Throughout HistoryPope Leo XIII offers one of the most profound magisterial analyses of how the Devil operates in the social history:– **Through individuals:** personal temptation (traditional sphere of demonology) – **Through ideologies:** philosophical doctrines that deny the supernatural – **Through institutions:** organized societies promoting collective apostasy – **Through laws:** anti-religious legislations separating state and Church – **Through culture:** media, literature, and art promoting secularismThis societal analysis of demonic action will be echoed by:– **Pius X (1907):** *Pascendi Dominici Gregis* on Modernism – **Pius XI (1937):** *Mit brennender Sorge* (Nazism) and *Divini Redemptoris* (Communism) – **John Paul II (1991):** *Centesimus Annus*, on totalitarianism in the 20th century – **Benedict XVI:** various speeches on “relativism” as a “pseudo-enlightened” project## Invoking Saint MichaelThe encyclical concludes with a solemn appeal to Saint Michael the Archangel as the Church’s protector against this organized demonic action:> “We flee to the omnipotent God with filial trust… invoking, above all, the blessed Peter, the prince of the apostles and his companions, and imploring the aid of the most holy Virgin Mary, that, placed between God and the angels, and especially Saint Michael the Archangel, who fights against Satan and other evil spirits by divine powers…”This passage from *Humanum Genus* is the immediate theological context for, two years later (1886), Pope Leo XIII composes the *Prayer to Saint Michael* and, in 1890, promulgates the *Exorcism in Satanam*.## Permanent Doctrinal Meaning*Humanum Genus* remains valid because:– It does not condemn individuals (all Masons), but the system (Freemasonry as an institution) – It identifies demonic action in structures, not just people – It distinguishes between subjective and objective evil – It recovers the Augustinian doctrine of the “two cities” – It maintains Christ’s sovereignty over history## Contemporary ApplicationThe 1983 Code of Canon Law (can. 1374) and the Declaration by the CDF on November 26, 1983, reaffirm that: “The Church’s opinion on Masonic associations remains unchanged.” Catholics who join a Masonic lodge are considered to be in a state of grave sin and cannot receive Holy Communion.## Further Reading– Pope Leo XIII, *Prayer to Saint Michael* (1886) | *Saint Michael the Archangel* | *CDF on Faith and Demonology* (1975) | *Paul VI Confronts the Devil* (November 15, 1972)