Magisterial timeline of Medjugorje (2001-2022)

Congregation for Doctrine of the Faith

On Medjugorje

Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith

Vatican City, Palace of the Holy Office

“Our Lady”Document Number 154/81.06419

May 26, 1998

His Excellency Bishop Gilbert Aubry

Bishop of Saint-Denis on Réunion

Excellence

With the letter dated January 1, 1998, several questions were submitted to this Dicastery regarding the position of the Holy See and the Bishop of Mostar in relation to the so-called “Annunciation”Appearances“Mariology, Angelology, Demonology, and Josephology” Regarding Medjugorje, the pilgrimages, either private or under the pastoral care of the faithful who go to that place. On this subject, considering it is impossible to respond to each of the questions posed by Your Excellency, I would first like to specify that it is not the norm of the Holy See to take, as a first priority, a position directly on supposed supernatural phenomena.

This dicastery, therefore, concerning the credibility of “Annunciation”Appearances“»” In question, simply adhere to what was established by the bishops of the former Yugoslavia in the Zara Declaration of 10.04.1991:

“Annunciation”Based on the investigations conducted thus far, it is not possible to affirm that they are supernatural apparitions or revelations“Mariology, Angelology, Demonology, and Josephology”“Mariology, angelology, demonology, josephology”

After the division of Yugoslavia into several independent nations, it now falls to the members of the Episcopal Conference of Bosnia and Herzegovina to re-examine the issue, if necessary, and issue new declarations, if the case so demands.

What did Dom Peric affirm in a letter to the General Secretary of Christian Familythat is to say

«The conviction and position that even if something is not yet proven supernatural, it does not mean that the supernatural is absent from apparitions or revelations in Medjugorje»

This expression should be considered a personal conviction of the Bishop of Mostar, who, as the local Ordinary, has every right to express what he believes to be true. It remains his personal opinion.

Regarding private pilgrimages to Medjugorje, this Congregation believes they are permitted on the condition that they are not considered an authentication of ongoing events that still require Church examination.

Dom Tarcisio Bertone (Secretary of the Congregation headed by Cardinal Ratzinger)

Therefore, it follows that:

1. The statements of the Bishop of Mostar reflect only his personal opinion and are not a definitive and official judgment of the Church.

2. Everything is deferred to the declaration of Zara, leaving the door open for future investigations. However, it allows for private pilgrimages with pastoral accompaniment for the faithful.

3. Undoubtedly, a new Commission will be appointed.

4. In the meantime, all Catholic pilgrims may visit Medjugorje.

Cardinal Schönborn’s Comment

The letter from Archbishop Bertone to the bishop

Reunion by the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith clarifies sufficiently what has always been the official position of the hierarchy in recent years regarding Medjugorje: that, as we know, leaves the question unresolved. The supernatural character is not established. These were the words used by the conference of bishops of Yugoslavia in the city of Zara in 1991. This expression, as is known, leaves the problem unsolved. It does not say that the supernatural character is, in essence, repeated. On the other hand, it neither denies nor considers unlikely that the phenomenon may be of supernatural nature.

Obviously, the Magisterium of the Church does not definitively declare whether the phenomena, apparitions, or other types of manifestations are still ongoing. However, it is the task of the shepherds to encourage what is emerging, sustain the fruits that are ripening, protect them, if necessary, from dangers that can always be found everywhere.

It was also necessary, in Lourdes (as per the “Dictionary of Mariology” [Locus Mariologicus.org]) to ensure that the authentic gift of Lourdes is not suffocated by inappropriate developments. Even Medjugorje is not invulnerable. That is why it is, and will be, of great importance that the bishops, even publicly, take the pastoral statement on Medjugorje under their protection so that the evident fruits that occur there can be protected from an improper type of development.

I believe that Mary’s words in Cana: “Do whatever He tells you” (John 2:5) summarize the essence of what she has been telling us throughout the centuries. Mary helps us to listen to Jesus. She desires with all her heart and with all her strength that we do what He commands us to do. This is what I hope for all the prayer groups that have been formed thanks to Medjugorje. This is what I desire for our diocese and for the whole Church.

Personally, I have never been to Medjugorje yet. But in a certain sense, I can say that I have been there through the people I know, or those I have met, who have been to Medjugorje. And in their lives, I see good fruits. I would be a liar if I denied the existence of these fruits.

These fruits are tangible, evident. And in our diocese, as in many others, I can see conversion graces, supernatural life or faith graces, vocations, healings, rediscovery of the Sacraments, confessions. Such facts cannot be deceived. Therefore, I say that these fruits allow me, as a bishop, to express a moral judgment. And if, as Jesus said, we must judge a tree by its fruits, I feel compelled to say that this tree is good.

† Cardinal [Name to be inserted]

Final Summary:

1. The statement from Zara stands as the only official declaration from the Church regarding the events in Medjugorje. 2. All subsequent statements from the Holy See refer back to this mentioned Declaration. 3. The position of Bishop of Mostar, Dom Ratko Peric, should be considered a personal opinion. 4. A definitive judgment on the supernatural nature of the apparitions and revelations is still pending. The events are ongoing and require further in-depth investigation by the Church. 5. The planned research commission on the events in Medjugorje has not yet been officially established. 6. At the conclusion of the Bosnian bishops’ conference in early July 2006, President Cardinal Vinko Puljic, surprisingly declared—since the Medjugorje case was not on the agenda—that there will be a new international commission (divided into two sub-committees with specific tasks), appointed not by the local episcopal conference but directly by the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. 7. Pilgrimage to Medjugorje is permitted, as long as it is not considered a reenactment of events that are still ongoing and require further study by the Church. The Church does not prohibit priests from accompanying them.

Medjugorje: A Debate While It Remains Open

Bishop Frane Franić’s Opinion

Bishop Frane Franić of Split, known for his great faith and authority, recognized from the outset the hand of God at work in Medjugorje. On August 7, 1993, after his retirement, he gave a remarkable interview to the Austrian magazine Profil.

Gebetsaktion Marie Reine de la Paix (n. 30) invites its brothers to join in mea culpa with her: We, Croats from Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina, have not heeded sufficiently the warning of Our Lady of Medjugorje. We even heard it said: “Medjugorje is the greatest lie in the history of the Church.”

Bishop Žanić of Mostar vehemently opposed this. In essence, the bishops followed suit, tolerating Medjugorje as a place of prayer. In their last statement of May 25, 1991, a month before the war, they expressed their intention to assist pilgrims from around the world… The Commission was to continue its investigation.

I do not know what else the Commission expected, after so many miracles examined by scientists and so many conversions worldwide. All this was not enough for us bishops. If they had encouraged the people: “Arise, let’s go to Medjugorje!” Perhaps the people would have gone even more, hearing the words of the Virgin. The conversion movement would have been amplified. But until now, they have not recognized the voice of the Mother of God who offers us peace and says that she herself, through our prayers, will fight for peace.

When the first agreement between Muslims and Croats in Medjugorje was signed, I thought it was a miracle of the Queen of Peace, but the agreement had no follow-up. However, Medjugorje did not end; the message continues. Only we Croats have not followed it sufficiently. The bishops obstruct, and no one has ever said: “Let’s go, it’s the voice of the Mother of God.” Yet, the Pope, during an audience, told the bishops to turn to the Queen of Peace. They agreed, but went to a shrine near Zagreb dedicated to the Queen of Peace. They preferred another of our shrines over Medjugorje’s appeal.

Jesus cannot be pleased when his Mother comes among us and no bishop listens to her, while miracles are performed for twelve years and they say: “There’s nothing!”

At this point, the interviewer asks: Bishop Perić, the current bishop of Mostar, declared: “For me, the vote of 20 bishops holds more weight than all the testimonies and the enthusiasm of 20 million faithful.”

Bishop Franić’s response is: “For me, it’s the opposite. People from all over the world, even the Pope, are for Medjugorje. I believe it’s not good to oppose the people in this way. The ‘discernment of the faithful’ exists, even according to theology.”

Bishop Frane Franić

1. Interview with Cardinal José Saraiva Martins

15/06/2007

“Enigma” by Corrado Augias on RaiTre (15th June 2007)

Cardinal José Saraiva Martins responded: Everything that helps and promotes popular religiosity is welcome. Paul VI himself said several times that popular religiosity should be supported and, certainly, it should be purified of many elements that perhaps over time have tried to enter into private revelations. Private revelations can truly be a means of evangelization: we should not fear popular religiosity. Instead, we should be afraid of superstition, which is the complete opposite of popular religiosity.

Cardinal Ratzinger on Medjugorje

If it is said that Pope John Paul II tacitly favors the apparitions in Medjugorje, what is the attitude of Benedict XVI? There is a clear position from the pontiff contained in a chapter of the book Report on Faith, which includes an interview the Catholic writer Vittorio Messori had in 1984 with then-Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger.

Here are some excerpts. The book written by J. Ratzinger with V. Messori also includes several pages dedicated to Cardinal José Saraiva Martins on Medjugorje, interviewed by Rai Tre Messori:

V. Messori asks: Still on the subject, it is known that for years, a village in Yugoslavia, Medjugorje, has been at the center of worldwide attention due to the renewal of apparitions – true or supposed – that have already attracted millions of pilgrims, but also caused painful controversies between the Franciscans who govern the parish and the local bishop. Is it foreseeable a clarifying intervention from the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, the supreme authority on the matter, naturally with the indispensable approval of the Pope for all its documents?

RATZINGER responds: In this field, more than ever, patience is a fundamental element of our Congregation’s policy. No apparition is indispensable to faith; Revelation ended with Jesus Christ, He himself is Revelation. But we cannot prevent God from speaking in our time, through simple people and also through extraordinary signs that denounce the inadequacy of the cultures that dominate us, marked by rationalism and positivism. The apparitions that the Church has officially approved – first Lourdes and then Fátima – have a precise place in the development of the Church’s life in the last century. Among other things, they show that Revelation – though unique, concluded, and therefore not surpassable – is not a dead thing, but alive and vital. Furthermore – beyond Medjugorje, on which I cannot issue any judgment, as the case is still under examination by the Congregation – one of the signs of our time is that reports of Marian apparitions are multiplying around the world. The reports are also sent to our competent section, for example, in Africa and other continents. One of our criteria is to separate the aspect of true or supposed apparitions.

The supernaturality of the appearance of its spiritual fruits. The pilgrimages of ancient Christianity were directed to places that our modern critical spirit sometimes finds perplexing regarding the scientific truth of the tradition that is linked to them. This does not mean that those pilgrimages were not fruitful, beneficial, and important for the life of the Christian people. The problem is not so much with modern critical spirit (which then ends, among other things, in a form of new credulity), but with evaluating the vitality and orthodoxy of the religious life that develops around these places.

MESSORI – Recognized or not, the “messages of the ‘marian apparitions'” are problematic because they seem to point towards a certain “pre-conciliar spirituality.”

RATZINGER – I repeat that I do not like the terms pre or post-conciliar. Accepting them would be accepting the idea of a fracture in the history of the Church. In the “apparitions,” there is often a bodily involvement (signs of the cross, holy water, appeal to fasting), but all this is in full harmony with Vatican II, which insisted on the unity of the message, therefore for the incarnation of the Spirit in the flesh.

MESSORI – This fasting to which you refer seems to be even central to many of these “messages.”

RATZINGER – Fasting means accepting an essential aspect of Christian life. It is also necessary to rediscover the corporal aspect of faith: abstinence from food is one of these aspects. Sexuality and nutrition are the central elements of the physicality of the message: now, the decline in understanding of virginity was accompanied by a decline in understanding of fasting. And these two declines are linked to a single root: the current dimming of the eschatological tension, that is, towards eternal life, of Christian faith. Being virgins and knowing how to give periodic food is to testify that eternal life awaits us, indeed it is already among us, that “the appearance of this world is passing” (1 Corinthians 7:31). Without virginity and fasting, the Church is no longer the Church, it is configured to history. And for this we must offer as an example to the brothers of the Orthodox Churches of the East, great masters – still today – of authentic Christian asceticism.

4. Cardinal Sctonborn: “Where Mary is, the Church is renewed”

Article taken from “Echo of Mary” no. 144.

In an interview in Lourdes, the Archbishop of Vienna said: “In Marian shrines, we feel what makes the Church alive: we have the sensation that God is near, and not in an abstract way, but really concrete and real, thanks to Mary, who, unlike any other, represents the nearness of heaven to earth.”

 

Questioned about the various communities that have emerged from the events in Medjugorje, including Kraljice Mira and Lamm in Austria, he was asked if all this could lead to new perspectives for the future of the Church:

Of course — he replied — I believe that Mary acts from the beginning in a silent but very effective way. This is not enough, neither for personal life nor for community life. And in Mary, the Church is always personal, because it is not a large institution, nor a large theological system, but it is only perceptible, understandable only in its motherhood, its virginity, its beauty and infinite goodness. Especially in Marian places, we realize that the Church is not first of all an institution, as it is so negatively defined, but it is the bride of Christ, by whom Christ gave his life: she is wonderful and is the mother of all people. And all this is found in Mary. That’s why Mary is present where the Church is renewed, and where Mary is, the Church is renewed. It is no coincidence that communities that emerge from the Church are mostly linked to Mary and her places of grace.

The Interview with Bishop Hnilica

Following is the interview journalist Marie Czernin conducted in October 2004 with Bishop Paolo Hnilica, a Jesuit and bishop of Rusado, as well as an expert on mystical phenomena in the Church and a close friend of Saint John Paul II. This interview was conducted for the Catholic monthly magazine PUR (Politik und Religion) and published in December 2004.

EDITORIAL. We had some doubts about conducting this interview because the whole issue of Medjugorje is somewhat controversial. But we decided to do it because we want our readers to be informed about everything that is discussed in the world, and in this case, in Germany. We are convinced that the words of Bishop Hnilica, reported in full, will be of interest to our readers. That’s why we sent journalist Marie Czernin to ask Bishop Paolo Hnilica — an old friend of the Pope, who has lived in Rome since 1950 when he left Slovakia — if the Pope had made any comments about Medjugorje and, if so, what they were.

Question: Bishop Hnilica, you spent a lot of time close to Pope John Paul II and shared many personal moments with him. Did you have the opportunity to talk to the Pope about the events in Medjugorje?

When I visited the Holy Father in Castel Gandolfo in 1984 and had lunch with him, I told him about the consecration of Russia to the Immaculate Heart of Mary, which I was able to perform on March 24 of that same year in an entirely unexpected way, in the Assumption Cathedral in the Kremlin in Moscow, just as Our Lady had asked in Fátima. He was very impressed and said: Our Lady guided you there with her hand.

And I answered: No, Holy Father, she carried me in her arms!Then he asked me about my experiences in Medjugorje and if I had ever been there. I answered: No. The Vatican did not prohibit me, but it discouraged it.To what the Pope addressed me with a firm altar and said: Go incognito to Medjugorje, as you went to Moscow. Who can forbid you?In this way, the Pope did not officially authorize me to go there, but he found a solution. So the Pope went to his office and took a book about Medjugorje by René Laurentin. He began to read me some pages and showed me that the messages of Medjugorje are related to those of Fátima: You see, Medjugorje is the continuation of Fatima’s messageI have been to Medjugorje three or four times anonymously, but then the then Bishop of Mostar-Duvno, Pavao Zanic, wrote me a letter in which he told me not to go to Medjugorje again, otherwise he would write to the Pope. Obviously, someone had informed him of my visits, but I should not fear the Holy Father.

Did you have another opportunity to speak with the Pope about Medjugorje later?

“Response: ‘””Yes, the second time we spoke about Medjugorje – I remember well – was on August 1, 1988. A medical commission in Milan, which at the time had been examining the visionaries, came to see the Pope in Castel Gandolfo. One of the doctors pointed out that the bishop of the diocese of Mostar was creating difficulties. Then the Pope said:

“Short title/phrase – translate without elaboration”Since he is the bishop of the region, you must listen to him“‘”

“Turning serious, he immediately added:”

“Short title/phrase – translate without elaboration”But he will give an account to God’s law in the right manner.“Annunciation of the Virgin”

The Pope paused for a moment and then said: Today the world is losing the sense of the supernatural, that is, the sense of God. But many find this meaning in Medjugorje through prayer, fasting, and the sacraments.It was the most beautiful and explicit testimony about Medjugorje. I was impressed by it, because the commission that had been examining the visionaries then declared: It is not established regarding the supernaturality.On the contrary, the Pope was still convinced that something supernatural was happening in Medjugorje. From the various accounts of other people about the events in Medjugorje, the Pope was able to convince himself that God is present in this place.

Is it not possible that much of what happens in Medjugorje has been invented from scratch, and that sooner or later the world will fall for a great hoax?

A few years ago, a large youth gathering took place in Marienfried, to which I was also invited. Then a journalist asked me:

“Sir Bishop, do you not act that all that happens in Medjugorje comes from the devil?”“»”“What is the Annunciation?”

“Respondi” translates to “I answered” in English.

“Annunciation”As a Jesuit, Saint Ignatius taught us that we must discern spirits, and that every event can have three causes or reasons: temporal, divine, or diabolic.“Mariology, angelology, demonology, josephology”“Mariology, angelology, demonology, josephology”

In the end, he had to agree that everything that happens in Medjugorje cannot be explained from a human point of view, meaning that completely normal young people attract thousands of people here every year who come to reconcile themselves with God. Medjugorje is called the confessionary of the world: neither in Lourdes nor in Fátima is there a phenomenon of so many people confessing. What happens in a confession? The priest liberates sinners from the devil. I then answered the reporter:

“Annunciation”Certainly the devil has accomplished many things, but there is one thing he cannot do. The devil can send people to confession to free them from themselves.“»”“What is the Annunciation?”

Then the reporter laughed and understood what I meant. The only reason, therefore, remains God! Later, I also reported this conversation to the Holy Father.

Pergunta: Como as mensagens de Medjugorje podem ser resumidas em algumas frases? O que distingue estas Mensagens das de Lourdes ou de Fátima?  

Translation:

*”Our Lady invites penance, repentance, and prayer in all three pilgrimage sites. The messages from these three apparitions are similar in this regard. The difference is that the Medjugorje messages have lasted (to this day) for 24 years. This intense continuity of supernatural apparitions has not diminished in recent years, leading more and more intellectuals to convert to this place.”*

Question:

For some, the Medjugorje messages are not credible because then war broke out. So, isn’t this a place of peace but of conflict?

Answer:

When I had dinner with the Pope in 1991 (exactly ten years after the first message: “Peace, peace, and only peace!”), he asked me: “How do you explain the Medjugorje apparitions if war has broken out in Bosnia?”

War was a very bad thing. So, I told the Pope:

*”But now, the same thing is happening as in Fátima. If we had consecrated Russia to the Immaculate Heart of Mary, World War II could have been avoided, as well as the spread of communism and atheism. Right after you, Holy Father, made this consecration in 1984, great changes occurred in Russia, leading to the fall of communism. Even in Medjugorje, at the beginning, Our Lady warned that wars would happen if we did not convert, but no one took these messages seriously. This means that if the bishops of the former Yugoslavia had taken these messages seriously, perhaps this point would not have been reached.”*

The Pope told me: “Is the valid consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary by Bishop Hnilica considered valid?” And I answered: “Certainly it was valid, the question is only how many bishops made this consecration in communion with the Pope.”

Question: Let us return to Pope John Paul II and his special mission…

Answer: “Yes. Some years ago, when the Pope was already suffering from health problems and began to use a cane, I told him again about Russia during a lunch. Then he leaned on my arm to accompany him to the elevator. He was already very tremulous and repeated five times the words of Our Lady of Fátima with a solemn voice: ‘In the end, my Immaculate Heart will triumph.’ The Pope really felt that this was a great task for Russia. Nevertheless, he emphasized that Medjugorje is nothing more than the continuation of Fátima and that we must rediscover the meaning of Fátima. Our Lady wants to educate us in prayer, penance, and greater faith. It is understandable that a mother would worry about her children who are in danger, just as Our Lady does in Medjugorje. I also explained to the Pope that the greatest Marian movements begin in Medjugorje. In every place, prayer groups meet in the spirit of Medjugorje. And he confirmed it, because there are fewer holy families today. Marriage is also a great vocation.”

Question: Some are surprised that none of the Medjugorje visionaries entered a convent or became a priest as they grew up. Can this be seen as a sign of our time?

Answer: “Yes, I see it very positively, because we see that these chosen ones by Our Lady are simply instruments of God, they are not the authors who idealized everything, but they are collaborators of a greater divine project. Alone they would not have strength. Today, it is particularly necessary to renew the life of the laity. For example, there are also families who live this consecration to Our Lady, not only nuns and priests. God gives us freedom. Today, we must give testimony to the world: perhaps in the past, such clear testimonies were found mainly in convents, but now we need these signs in the world as well. Now, it is especially the family that must be renewed, because the family is currently in a deep crisis. We may not be able to understand all of God’s plans, but we must certainly sanctify the family.”

Question: What do your fellow bishops think about Medjugorje now?

Answer: “Marija Pavlovic-Lunetti, one of the visionaries who still receives messages from Our Lady, once wept in front of me because she heard that some bishops question the authenticity of the Messages. The then Bishop of Mostar, Pavao Zanic, accused her of being a liar. Her simple response to the Bishop of Mostar was: ‘You are wrong. Just think about how children usually behave in a large family. If a special secret is told to them, the next day they already argue and tell the secret to others. If I were Our Lady, I would probably have chosen only one person, and not six, because it would have seemed too risky. But these boys were tortured for many years by the police, but they never revealed anything. Undoubtedly, these Messages are not as deep and mysterious as those of Fatima, but they are a transposition of the Messages of Fatima, as also understood by the Pope. Not only great Messages, but also continuous prayers and penances are spread through Medjugorje. It is surprising that in Medjugorje people fast with bread and water twice a week, consecrate themselves to the Heart of Our Lady and venerate her. In the 1980s, six Brazilian bishops once approached me because they heard that I was interested in Medjugorje. They asked me if I could arrange for them to concelebrate a Mass with the Pope, as they wanted to go to Medjugorje. The Pope agreed to receive them, but his secretary, Mons. Stanlislaw Dziwisz, later said:

Translation:

Please don’t say that the Pope received you at a private mass because you’re going to Medjugorje, but that he invited you because you came from distant Brazil. This, of course, means that the Pope has never explicitly and officially recognized Medjugorje, as he does not want to anticipate the bishop of the diocese of Mostar.

Question: Has the Church’s official position regarding Medjugorje changed in recent years?

Answer: Only in the last ten years have millions of people made pilgrimages to Medjugorje. If the Church truly believed that something contrary to faith or morality was being promulgated in this place, then it would have been obliged to take measures against Medjugorje. It should have done everything to protect the people from this phenomenon. The fact that it remains silent is a good sign and, in fact, a recognition of Medjugorje. You can see from the parish records how many priests celebrate the Holy Mass in Medjugorje every year. They wouldn’t come if they discovered something that questioned the reliability of the messages. The fruits will show whether a good or bad tree grew from here.

Question: What was your personal spiritual experience in Medjugorje?

Answer: I was fortunate to be able to meet the visionaries personally and thus gain a clear idea of them. I managed to gain their trust and felt personally introduced to the mysteries of Medjugorje, as had already happened before in Fátima and Lourdes, when I met Sister Lúcia and the Bishop of Fátima. I was happy and also felt privileged to be able to participate so closely in the events of Medjugorje. Even now, when I sometimes speak with Vicka Ivankovic-Mijatovic or Marija Pavlovic-Lunetti, I feel close to them. That’s why I also feel a certain responsibility towards them, I feel part of a large family.

Question: In one of the first messages, Our Lady is said to have stated that these would be the last apparitions. Many people think this means the end of the world and the Apocalypse. How can this be correctly interpreted?

*Response: Yes, I have heard this, but many prophecies often speak of the ‘last day’. St. Paul already spoke of this. We live in the last days, but true prophets never gave a specific date for the fulfillment of these prophecies. Jesus Himself said that even the Son of Man does not know the time of His second coming and the final judgment; only the Father knows. Therefore, we can say the same as was said before Fátima: Medjugorje is the greatest intervention of God in the history of the world.*

Timeline:

• In 2014, the commission on Medjugorje, established in 2010 by Pope Benedict XVI and chaired by Cardinal Camillo Ruini, completes its work and submits a final report to Pope Francis.

• On May 12, 2019, His Holiness Pope Francis appoints Archbishop Henryk Hoser as the Apostolic Visitor for the pastoral care of the Medjugorje Sanctuary.

The evolution of magisterial statements on Medjugorje between 2001 and 2022 reflects the Church’s discernment process regarding Marian apparitions, in light of the theological criteria set forth in the encyclical Redemptoris Mater.Redemptoris Mater by John Paul II.

Deepen your studies: explore MariologyMarian theologyMarian apparitions and the Postgraduate Program in Mariology.

Postgraduate Program in Mariology

Would you like to deepen your formation in Mariology? Get to know the Postgraduate Program in Mariology from Locus Mariologicus, an academic formation that combines theological rigor, spiritual life, and the living tradition of the Church.

Join the waiting list →

See the complete list of Mary’s recognized Marian apparitions.