God sent His Son, born of woman: Num 6, Gal 4, and Mary, Mother of God, in Lk 2.

Misit Deus Filium suum, factum ex muliere.
Gal 4:4

The Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God, celebrated on January 1, the first day of the civil year, is the most ancient Marian feast of the Roman liturgy and the theological crowning of Christmas. Num 6:22-27 hands on the priestly blessing that the Lord commanded Aaron to pronounce over Israel. Gal 4:4-7 sets forth the Christological foundation of Mary’s divine motherhood: “In the fullness of time, God sent His Son, born of woman, born under the law”. Lk 2:16-21 recounts the moment after the birth: the shepherds arrive at Bethlehem, see the child in the manger, praise God, and “Mary kept all these things, pondering them in her heart”. The three texts converge in the mystery of God who draws near: the blessing that the name of the Lord brings, the Son whom a woman bore, and the Mother who contemplates what the shepherds saw.

I. The First Reading: Num 6:22-27

The Lord commanded Moses to have Aaron and his sons bless Israel with these words: “The Lord bless you and keep you. The Lord make His face shine upon you and grant you grace. The Lord turn His face toward you and give you peace” (Num 6:24-26). And He explains: “Thus they shall put My name upon the children of Israel, and I will bless them” (v.27). The priestly blessing of Numbers is one of the most ancient texts of the Bible. Its structure is threefold: blessing and keeping, light and grace, presence and peace. The name of the Lord placed upon Israel is the sign of belonging: whoever is blessed belongs to the Lord. The blessing that Aaron pronounces is the foreshadowing of the blessing that the name Jesus, “the Lord saves”, brings to the world.

II. The Second Reading: Gal 4:4-7

Paul formulates faith in the Incarnation: “When the fullness of time had come, God sent His Son, born of woman, born under the law” (Gal 4:4). The sentence states two births: born of God and born of woman. The purpose: to redeem those who were under the law, so that we might receive adoption as sons (v.5). And the pneumatological confirmation: “God has sent into our hearts the Spirit of His Son, crying: Abba, Father”! (v.6). Paul does not name Mary, but the expression “born of woman” is the dogmatic basis of the title “Mother of God”: if the Son of God was born of a woman, that woman is the Mother of the Son of God. The Council of Ephesus (431) defined that to refuse Mary the title Theotókos is to deny the Incarnation.

The shepherds went to Bethlehem and found Mary, Joseph, and the child in the manger (Lk 2:16). When they saw Him, they made known what had been told them, and all who heard marveled (vv.17-18). “But Mary kept all these things, pondering them in her heart” (v.19). When the eight days were completed, they gave Him the name Jesus (v.21). Verse 19 is one of the densest in the whole of Luke: while the shepherds speak and the hearers marvel, Mary keeps and ponders. The verb “to keep” implies an active preservation. The verb “to ponder” implies that she confronts what she sees with what she knows, the words of the angel, the prophecies, the Scriptures. Mary is the first theologian of faith in the incarnate Son.

The title “Mother of God”, Theotókos in Greek, Dei Genitrix in Latin, is the most radical and the most dense title that the Christian tradition has given to Mary. Radical because it goes to the root: it does not say only that Mary is holy or exemplary, but that the Son whom she bore is God. Dense because it contains the whole of Christology: if Jesus is God and Mary is His Mother, then Mary is the Mother of God. Ephesus (431) defined this title not in order to exalt Mary but in order to protect faith in Christ. Gal 4 says that the Son of God was “born of woman”: that woman did not bring forth only a nature, she brought forth a divine Person. Num 6 asks that the name of the Lord be placed upon Israel: the name that Mary placed upon the Son, Jesus, is the name that saves. Lk 2:19 shows us Mary keeping and pondering: the model of the faithful one who does not merely celebrate the mystery but lets it grow within herself. The Church places under Mary’s motherhood all the time of the year that begins.